An integrated circuit (IC) is a small semiconductors-based electronic device consisting of fabricated transistors, resistors, and capacitors. Integrated circuits are the building blocks of most electronic devices and equipment . There are two main advantages of ICs over discrete circuits: cost and performance. Cost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. Furthermore, much less material is used to construct a packaged IC die than a discrete circuit. Performance is high since the components switch quickly and consume little power (compared to their discrete counterparts) because the components are small and positioned close together. As of 2006, chip areas range from a few square millimeters to around 350 mm2, with up to 1 million transistors per mm. Moore’s Law: The level of integration of silicon technology as measured in terms of the number of devices per IC Semiconducto...
this is all about vlsi back end domains and description about synthesis,physical design and physical verification